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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.137 RCB:Richards Bay, South Africa RDZ:Rodez, France REC:Recife, PE, Brazil REG:Reggio Calabria, Italy REK:Reykjavik, Iceland REU:Reus, Spain RFP:Raiatea, Society Islands RGI:Rangiroa, Tuamaotou, Pacific RGN:Yangoon, Myanmar RHO:Rhodos, Greece RIA:Santa Maria, RS, Brazil RIC:Richmond, NSW Australia RIG:Rio Grande, RS, Brazil RIK:Riga, Latvia RIO:Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil RIX:Riga, Lithuania RJK:Rijeka, Yugoslavia RKT:Ras al Khaymah, UAE RLT:Arlit, Niger RMI:Rimini, Italy RNB:Ronneby, Sweden RNE:Roanne, France RNN:Roenne, Denmark RNS:Rennes, France ROK:Rockhampton, Australia ROM:Rom, Italy ROS:Rosario, Argentina ROT:Rotorua, New Zealand ROU:Ruse, Bulgaria RRG:Rodrigues Insel, Mauritius RSD:Rock Sound, Bahamas RTM:Rotterdam, The Netherlands RUH:Riyadh, Saudi Arabia RUN:Saint Denis de la Reunion, Reunion, Indian Ocean RVN:Rovaniemi, Finland RWP:Rawalpindi, Pakistan RYK:Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan SAH:Sanaa (Sana'a), Yemen SAL:San Salvador, El Salvador SAO:Sao Paulo, Brazil SAP:San Pedro Sula, Honduras SAY:Salisbury, Zimbabwe SBK:Saint Brieuc, France SBU:Springbok, South Africa SBW:Sibu, Malaysia SCL:Santiago de Chile, Chile SCN:Saarbruecken, Germany SCQ:Santiago de Compostela, Spain SDA:Bagdad - Saddam Int'l, Irak SDJ:Sendai, Japan SDL:Sundsvall, Sweden SDQ:Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic SDR:Santander, Spain SDT:Saidu Sharif, Pakistan SDU:Rio de Janeiro - Santos Dumont, RJ, Brazil SEB:Sehba, Libya SEL:Seoul, South Korea SEN:Southend, Great Britain SEZ:Mahe, Seychelles SFA:Sfax, Tunisia SFG:St. Martin, St. Martin SFJ:Soendre Stroemfjord, Greenland SGD:Soenderborg, Denmark SGN:Ho Chi Minh (Saigon), Vietnam SHA:Shanghai, China SHJ:Sharjah, UAE SID:Sal, Kap Verde SIN:Singapore, Singapore SIP:Simferopol, Ukrainia SIS:Sishen, South Africa SIX:Singleton, Australia SJJ:Sarajevo, Bosnia-Her. SJK:Sao Jose dos Lampos, SP, Brazil SJO:San Jose, Costa Rica SJP:Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil SJU:San Juan, Perto Rico SJY:Seinaejoki, Finland SKB:St. Kitts, Leeward Insel SKD:Samarkand, Uzbekistan SKG:Saloniki, Greece SKP:Skopje, Yugoslavia SKS:Skrydstrup, Denmark SKZ:Sukkur, Pakistan SLL:Salalah, Oman SLS:Silistra, Bulgaria SLU:St. Lucia - Vigle, St. Lucia SLZ:Sao Luis, MA, Brazil SMA:Santa Maria, Portugal SMI:Samos, Greece SNN:Shannon (Limerick), Ireland SOF:Sofia, Bulgaria SOG:Sogndal, Norway SOI:South Molle Island, Australia SON:Santo, Vanuatu SOT:Sodankylae, Finland SOU:Sothampton, Great Britain SPC:Santa Cruz de la Palma, Spain SPK:Saporro, Japan SPN:Saipan, Pacific SPU:Split, Yugoslavia SPY:San Pedro, Ivory Coast SRA:Santa Rosa, RS, Brazil SRZ:Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia SSA:Salvador, BA, Brazil SSG:Malabo, Equatorial Guinea SSH:Sharm el Sheik, Egypt SSZ:Santos, Brazil STM:Santarem, Brazil STN:Stansted (London), Great Britain STO:Stockholm, Sweden STR:Stuttgart, Germany STT:St. Thomas, Virgin Islands STV:Surat, India STX:St. Croix, Virgin Islands SUB:Surabaya, Indonesia SUF:Lamezia Terme, Italy SUL:Sui, Pakistan SUM:Agana, Guam SUV:Suva, Fiji SVD:St. Vincent, St. Vincent SVG:Stavanger, Norway SVL:Savonlinna, Finland SVO:Moscow - Sheremetyevo 2, Russia SVQ:Sevilla, Spain SWP:Swakopmund, Namibia SXB:Strassburg, France SXF:Berlin - Schoenefeld, Germany SXL:Sligo, Ireland SXM:St. Marteen, West Indian Isles SXR:Srinagar, India SYD:Sydney, Australia SYY:Stornway, Great Britain SZG:Salzburg, Austria SZK:Skukuza, South Africa SZZ:Stettin, Poland TAK:Takamatsu, Japan TAS:Tashkent, Uzbekistan TAT:Poprad (Tatry), CSFR TAY:Taipei - Sungshan, Taiwan TBS:Tiblissi (Tiflis), Georgia TBT:Tabatinga, AM, Brazil TBU:Nuku'alofa, Tonga TCA:Tennant Creek, Australia TCB:Treasure Cay, Bahamas TCI:Teneriffa, Spain TCU:Thaba'Nchu, South Africa TED:Thisted, Denmark TEM:Temora, Australia TER:Terceira, Portugal TEU:Te Anau, New Zealand TFF:Tefe, MA, Brazil TFN:Los Rodeos (Teneriffa), Spain TFS:Reina Sofia (Teneriffa), Spain TGD:Titograd, Yugoslavia TGU:Tegucigalpa, Honduras TGV:Targovishte, Bulgaria THE:Teresina, PI, Brazil THF:Berlin - Tempelhof, Germany THG:Biloela, Australia THR:Teheran, Iran TIA:Tirana, Albania TIF:Taif, Saudi Arabia TIP:Triplis, Libya TIS:Thursday Island, Australia TIU:Timaru, New Zealand TIV:Tivat, Yugoslavia TKS:Tokushima, Japan TKU:Turku, Finland TLL:Tallinn, Estonia TLS:Toulouse, France TLV:Tel Aviv, Israel TMP:Tampere, Finland TMS:Sao Tome, Sao Tome & Principe TMT:Porto Trombetas, PA, Brazil TMW:Tamworth, Australia TMZ:Termez (Termes), Uzbekistan TNG:Tanger, Morocco TNR:Antananarivo (Tanannarive), Madagascar TOD:Tioman, Indonesia TOS:Tromsoe, Norway TOU:Touho, France, New Caledonia TPE:Taipei - Chiang Kaisek, Taiwan TPR:Tom Price, Australia TPS:Trapani, Italy TRD:Trondheim, Norway TRF:Sandefjord, Norway TRG:Tauranga, New Zealand TRN:Turin, Italy TRO:Taree, Australia TRS:Trieste, Italy TRV:Trivandrum, India TRZ:Tiruchirapally, India TSA:Taipei (Domestic ?), Taiwan TSB:Tsumeb, Namibia TSF:Treviso, Italy TSV:Townsville, Australia TUK:Turbat, Pakistan TUN:Tunis, Tunisia TUO:Taupo, New Zealand TUU:Tabuk, Saudi Arabia TWB:Toowoomba, Australia TWU:Tawau, Malaysia TXL:Berlin - Tegel, Germany TYN:Taiyuan, China TYO:Tokyo, Japan UAK:Narsarsuaq, Greenland UBA:Uberaba, MG, Brazil UDI:Uberlandia, MG, Brazil UEE:Queenstown, Australia UET:Quetta, Pakistan UIO:Quito, Ecuador UIP:Quimper, France UKB:Kobe, Japan ULD:Ulundi, South Africa ULN:Ulan Bator, Mongolia ULU:Ulan Ude, Russia UMR:Woomera, Australia UMU:Umuarama, PR, Brazil UPG:Ujung Pandang, Indonesia URC:Urumqi, China URG:Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil UTN:Upington, South Africa UTP:Utapao (Pattaya), Thailand UTT:Umtata, South Africa UVE:Oyem ??/Ouvea ??, Gabon/Loyautte UVF:St. Lucia - Hewanorra, St. Lucia UVL:New Valley, Egypt VAA:Vaasa, Finland VAP:Valparaiso, Chile VAR:Varna, Bulgaria VBY:Visby, Sweden VCE:Venice, Italy VCP:Sao Paulo - Viracopos, Brazil VDA:Elat - Ovula, Israel VDE:Valverde, Spain VEK:Velikiye Luki (Welikije Luki), Russia VFA:Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe VGO:Vigo, Spain VID:Vidin, Bulgaria VIE:Vienna, Austria VIJ:Virgin Gorda, Virgin Islands VIT:Vitoria, Spain VIX:Vitoria, ES, Brazil VKO:Moscow - Vnukovo, Russia VLC:Valencia, Spain VLI:Port Vila, Vanuatu VLL:Valladolid, Spain VLN:Valencia, Venezuela VNO:Vilnius, Lithuania VNS:Varanasi, India VOT:Votuporanga, SP, Brazil VRA:Varadero, Cuba VRK:Varkaus, Finland VRN:Verona, Italy VST:Vasteras, Sweden VTE:Vietiane, Laos VXO:Vaexjoe, Sweden VYD:Vryheid, South Africa WAG:Wanganui, New Zealand WAW:Warsaw, Poland WBE:Bealanana, Madagascar WDH:Windhoek - Int'l, Namibia WEI:Weipa, Australia WEL:Welkom, South Africa WGA:Wagga, Australia WHK:Whakatane, New Zealand WHM:Wickham, Australia WKA:Wanaka, New Zealand WIC:Wick, Great Britain WLG:Wellington, New Zealand WLM:Williamtown, NSW Australia WLS:Wallis, Wallis Archipel, Pacific WMB:Warrnambool, Australia WNS:Nawab Shah, Pakistan WOL:Wollongong, Australia WRE:Whangarei, New Zealand WSY:Airline Beach, Australia WSZ:Westport, New Zealand WUN:Wiluna, Australia WVB:Walvis Bay, South Africa WYA:Whyalla, Australia WYN:Wyndham, Australia XAP:Chapeco, SC, Brazil XMH:Manihi, Tuamaotou, Pacific XRY:Jerez de la Frontera, Spain YAO:Yaonde, Cameroon YNB:Yanbu, Saudi Arabia YOK:Yokohama, Japan YVA:Moroni, Comores ZAD:Zadar, Yugoslavia ZAG:Zagreb, Yugoslavia ZAZ:Zaragoza, Spain ZBO:Bowen, Australia ZDJ:Bern, Switzerland ZND:Zinder, Niger ZNE:Newman, Australia ZQN:Queenstown, New Zealand ZRH:Zurich, Switzerland ZSS:Sassandra, Ivory Coast ZTH:Zakynthos, Greece ZYL:Sylhet, Bangladesh -- Larry Autry Silicon Graphics, St. Louis autry@sgi.com Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.unix.aix:19918 news.answers:4629 Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!xn.ll.mit.edu!ames!sun-barr!cs.utexas.edu!mavrick!basto@cactus.org From: basto@cactus.org (Luis Basto) Newsgroups: comp.unix.aix,news.answers Subject: AIX Frequently Asked Questions (Part 1 of 2) [REPOST] Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked Questions and their answers about AIX, IBM's version of Unix. Keywords: AIX RS/6000 questions answers Message-ID: <1071@mavrick.UUCP> Date: 16 Dec 92 06:26:56 GMT Expires: 15 Jan 93 01:23:45 GMT Sender: luis@mavrick.UUCP Reply-To: basto@cactus.org (Luis Basto) Followup-To: comp.unix.aix Lines: 1629 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu Archive-name: aix-faq/part1 Last-modified: Dec 12, 1992 Version: 2.0 Version: $Id: aix.faq,v 2.0 12/12/92 basto $ Frequently Asked Questions to AIX 3.x and IBM RS/6000 _____________________________________________________ This posting contains frequently asked questions (and answers) about the IBM RS/6000 series workstations and AIX version 3. All input is very welcome, please mail it to basto@cactus.org. The list is split into two articles so it can pass thru most mailers. I cannot promise any precise periodic posting but I'll try to post an updated FAQ roughly once a month to comp.unix.aix and to news.answers. Please let your input continue, I am most thankful for all of it. If you see a From: line it means that whatever follows is either an unabridged or slightly edited version of the input I have received, and that I have not verified its contents. If there is no From: line, I probably know what I am talking about, and the entry is edited from various sources. All entries are numbered with major and minor subject number, e.g. 3.05. If the subject is preceded by an asterisk, that entry has been changed or added since the last posting. The comp.unix.aix group is really for AIX on the four platforms -- RT, PS/2, 370 and RS/6000, but it has 90% or more of its traffic covering AIX 3.x and the RS/6000. The newsgroups comp.sys.ibm.pc.rt and comp.sys.ibm.ps2.hardware discuss the PC/RT, mostly hardware and AOS 4.3, and on PS/2 hardware respectively. There is no group on AIX for the 370. This article only covers AIX 3.x and the RS/6000, except when specifically noted. If you post questions to comp.unix.aix, please be sure to indicate: - the machine type (not all questions are to the RS/6000) and brief configuration, e.g. 64 MB RAM, 48 MB swap space (this is actually bad), 1.2 GB XYZ hard drive, etc. - the exact AIX version number, i.e. AIX 3.1 is NOT sufficient, whereas AIX 3.1.5 or AIX 3.1 with the 3005 update is. ______________________________________________________________________________ Table of contents: 1.00 The AIX operating system - what is it? 1.01 I know neither Unix nor AIX - where do I find more information? 1.02 I am used to Unix systems programming, why should I learn SMIT? 1.03 What is the Object Database? 1.04 How do I get rid of the verbose error messages? 1.05 How do I make an informative prompt in the shell? 1.06 How do I import an /etc/passwd or /etc/group file from another box? 1.07 How do I put my own text into InfoExplorer? 1.08 Who has a termcap/terminfo source for aixterm or the HFT console? 1.09 *Which release of AIX do I have? 1.10 Some known problems, telnet, accounting, who 1.11 Other hints, fsck of /, X-windows and alt-cntl-backspace 1.12 *How do I shrink /usr? 1.13 *How do I shrink the default paging space on hd6? 1.14 *How do I make a filesystem larger than 2 Gig? 1.15 How do I see/change system parameters like number of processes per user? 1.16 My /dev/null seems to have disappeared or become a plain file, why? 1.17 The swapper seems to use extreme amount of paging space, why? 1.18 How much should I trust the ps memory reports? 1.19 *How do I mount a floppy disk as a filesystem? 1.20 *Some info about tape backups 1.21 *How do I do remote backup? 1.22 How do I backup a multi-disk volume group? 1.23 How do I put multiple backups on a single 8mm tape? 1.24 *How do I remove a committed lpp? 1.25 *My named dies frequently, why? 1.26 *How do I trace ethernet packets on an AIX system? 2.00 C/C++ 2.01 I cannot make alloca work 2.02 How do I compile my BSD programs? 2.03 Isn't the linker different from what I am used to? 2.04 How do I link my program with a non-shared /lib/libc.a? 2.05 How do I make my own shared library? 2.06 Linking my program fails with strange error, why? 2.07 *What's with malloc()? 2.08 Why does xlc complain about 'extern char *strcpy()' 2.09 Why do I get 'Parameter list cannot contain fewer ....' 2.10 Why does xlc complain about '(sometype *)somepointer = something' 2.11 Some more common errors 2.12 Can the compiler generate assembler code? 2.13 Curses 2.14 How do I speed up linking? 2.15 What is deadbeef? 3.00 Fortran and other compilers 3.01 I have problems mixing fortran and C code, why? 3.02 How do I statically bind fortran libraries and dynamically bind C libraries? 3.03 How do I check if a number is NaN? 4.00 Public Domain software 4.01 *How do I find PD software? 4.02 *Are there any ftp sites? 4.03 General hints 4.04 *GNU Emacs 4.05 *gcc/gdb 4.06 *GNU Ghostscript 2.3 4.07 *TeX 4.08 Perl 4.09 X-Windows 4.10 bash 4.11 Elm 4.12 *Oberon 2.2 4.13 *Kermit 4.14 Gnu dbm 4.15 tcsh 4.16 Kyoto Common Lisp 4.17 TCL 4.18 Expect 5.00 Third party products 5.01 Disk/Tape/SCSI 5.02 Disks 5.03 Memory 5.04 Others 5.05 IBM List of third party products 5.06 *C++ compilers 6.00 Miscellaneous other stuff 6.01 Can I get support by email? 6.02 Some RS232 hints 6.03 VT100 key bindings for aixterm 6.04 What publications are available for AIX and RS/6000? 6.05 Some acronyms 7.00 How do I get this by mailserver or ftp? 7.01 Contributors ______________________________________________________________________________ 1.00: The AIX operating system - what is it? This is best answered by reading the text files in /usr/lpp/bos. The README file there contains general information and the bsdadm file contains useful information if you know BSD and/or SystemV. The last release for the RT PC is 2.2.1. The latest release for PS/2s and Intel architecture machines is AIX 1.3; for PS/2s only, 1.2.1. For the RS/6000, there are two major levels, 3.1 and 3.2, and various intermediate levels. 1.01: I know neither Unix nor AIX - where do I find more information? Quite a number of questions posted to comp.unix.aix show that AIX is people's first experience with Unix. If this is the case with you, you are advised to look at the other newsgroups in the comp.unix hierarchy, in particular comp.unix.questions (for basic questions) or comp.unix.wizards (for difficult questions). These two groups have a common FAQ posting as well. If you need information about C programming, try comp.lang.c or comp.std.c, the latter for Standard ANSI C issues. comp.lang.c has a FAQ posting. 1.02: I am used to Unix systems programming, why should I learn SMIT? Using SMIT is probably very different from your normal way of doing system administration, but could prove very useful in the long run. In some areas, in particular TCP/IP, NFS, etc., you also have the possibility of doing things the "normal" way, but it is unfortunately difficult to know exactly when the "normal" way works. Again, always using SMIT, is probably your best way to go, even when you have to learn a new tool. What SMIT actually does is to call a large number of specific tools for each part of the system administration. The commands called and the output they produce are stored in the files smit.script and smit.log in your home directory. Looking in smit.script may teach you more about system administration. 1.03: What is the Object Database? The Object Database Manager, ODM, stored in /etc/objrepos, is AIX's way of storing all the system management information. Under most circumstances, only SMIT or the commands SMIT call (see above) should be used to change the ODM. A harmless way to look at the ODM is to use odmget <Class> where <Class> is one of the files in /etc/objrepos. The very interested user can use the ODM editor, odme, to navigate the ODM in detail. Modifying the ODM should only be attempted if you know exactly what you are doing. 1.04: How do I get rid of the verbose error messages? Many of the messages from the Unix commands are available in different languages. This is controlled by the LANG environment variable, the default being En_US meaning English in the US. All the default messages have a message number associated with them, e.g.: $ cat no-such-file cat: 0652-050 Cannot open no-such-file. If you prefer the terser Unix-looking error message, set your environment LANG to C, and you will get: $ cat no-such-file cat: Cannot open no-such-file. 1.05: How do I make an informative prompt in the shell? In the Korn Shell (ksh), the PS1 variable is expanded each time it is printed, so you can use: $ myhost=`hostname` $ PS1='$LOGNAME@$myhost $PWD \$ ' to get, e.g. bengsig@ieibm1 /u/bengsig $ In the C-shell, use: % set myhost=`hostname` % alias cd 'chdir \!*' > /dev/null; set prompt="$LOGNAME@$myhost $cwd % "' % cd to get, e.g. bengsig@dkunix9 /u/bengsig/aixfaq % There is no easy solution in the Bourne Shell. Use the Korn Shell instead. 1.06: How do I import an /etc/passwd or /etc/group file from another box? Make sure that you run usrck and pwdck (/etc/passwd) and grpck (/etc/group) to let AIX work its password/group magic. 1.07: How do I put my own text into InfoExplorer? With AIX 3.1, you cannot do it. AIX 3.2 has a product called InfoCrafter that allows you to do that. 1.08: Who has a termcap/terminfo source for the HFT console? The console used on the RISC System/6000, the PS/2 and the RT can be used as a terminal on another system with the termcap below. You can find this and other termcaps in /lib/libtermcap/termcap.src, including IBM specific ones. The terminfo sources are stored in /usr/lib/terminfo/*.ti. This termcap can also be used from an aixterm window. hf|hft|hft-c|ibm8512|ibm8513|IBM_High_Function_Terminal:\ :co#80:li#25:am:ht:\ :cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:ti=\E[25;1H:te=\E[20h:\ :nd=\E[C:up=\E[A:do=^J:ho=\E[H:\ :bs:sf=\E[S:ec=\E[%dX:\ :cl=\E[H\E[J:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:\ :AL=\E[%dL:DL=\E[%dM:al=\E[L:dl=\E[M:\ :im=\E[4h:ei=\E[4l:mi:\ :dm=\E[4h:ed=\E[4l:\ :so=\E[7m:se=\E[m:ul=\E[4m:ue=\E[m:\ :md=\E[1m:mr=\E[7m:mb=\E[5m:me=\E[m:\ :as=^N:ae=^O:sc=\E[s:rc=\E[u:\ :kl=\E[D:kb=^H:kr=\E[C:ku=\E[A:kd=\E[B:kh=\E[H:\ :kn#10:k1=\E[001q:k2=\E[002q:k3=\E[003q:k4=\E[004q:k5=\E[005q:\ :k6=\E[006q:k7=\E[007q:k8=\E[008q:k9=\E[009q:k0=\E[010q:\ :is=\Eb\E[m^O\E[?7h:rs=\Eb\E[m^O\E[?7h\E[H\E[J: 1.09: Which release of AIX or other products do I have? The command 'lslpp -h bos.obj' will show all lines referring to the BOS, Basic Operating System. E.g.: Option Name State Event Date Release User Name -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------------- ---------- bos.obj INACTIVE COMMIT 02/03/90 03.01.0000.0000 root INACTIVE APPLY 06/25/90 03.01.0000.0001 root INACTIVE COMMIT 06/25/90 03.01.0000.0001 root INACTIVE APPLY 11/16/90 03.01.0002.0015 root INACTIVE COMMIT 11/16/90 03.01.0002.0015 root ACTIVE COMMIT 05/07/91 03.01.0005.0012 root gives the history for the BOS lpp. The last line, column four, tells that this is release 3.1.5. (Note that '3' in 3005 has nothing to do with '3' in 3.1.5 - we should stop calling the versions 3005, etc. and call it by its real version number 3.1.5). To see a listing of everything installed use lslpp -l '*', then use lslpp with the -h option as above to get a history of a particular lpp. Here is a description on IBM's release numbering scheme: From: jswillia@nycvmic2.vnet.ibm.com The output of lslpp -h bos.obj shows a release number similar to 03.01.0002.0003. Contrary to your description and some other news items, this should be referred to as 3.1.2 not 3002. The 3002 numbering is used to indicate a PTF update tape. There are two types of PTF tapes 300x and 200x. The 300x tapes are full PTF's to update all previous levels to 3.1.x level The 200x tapes are incremental tapes and only apply to level 3.1.(x-1), ie 2004 updates 3.1.3 to 3.1.4 and will not work with 3.1.2 at all, whereas 3004 would update 3.1.0, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, and 3.1.3 upto level 3.1.4. The release number is defined as follows, 03.01 is the major release number shortened to 3.1 and the 0002 in the example is the minor release number. Major releases are provided with full installable tapes, whereas minor releases are obtained by applying a PTF update tape to a previous level as indicated above. The fourth number is used by development and has no validity(?) outside of development ( note it may be of interest during defect resolution ). For AIX 3.2, it's a completely different scheme. You may come across discussions on releases 3.2.0, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, or 3.2.3. There is no absolute way to tell which of these you are running since the newer releases are simply 3.2.0 with some sets of PTFs added. And since one can apply selective fixes it is possible that there could be many slightly different variations of 3.2 in use. IBM is currently working on resolving this situation. 1.10: Some known problems, telnet, accounting, who There are known problems in telnetd in 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 (the RS/6000 may lock when telnet'ing to it, use the 3001 telnetd or update to 3.1.5), accounting has a number of problems, and 'who' often displays entries that do not correspond to active sessions. Following refers to 3.1.2 and 3.1.3. The problem with telnetd seems to be solved in 3.1.5, I do not know about accounting, but the problem with who is known not to be solved. The program below by jfh@rpp386.cactus.org (John F. Haugh) can be used to fix up your /etc/utmp file: #include <sys/types.h> #include <utmp.h> #include <fcntl.h> main () { int fd; struct utmp utmp; while (1) { if ((fd = open ("/etc/utmp", O_RDWR)) < 0) exit (1); while (read (fd, &utmp, sizeof utmp) == sizeof utmp) { if (utmp.ut_type == USER_PROCESS && kill (utmp.ut_pid, 0) != 0) { lseek (fd, - (long) sizeof utmp, 1); utmp.ut_type = DEAD_PROCESS; write (fd, &utmp, sizeof utmp); } } close (fd); sleep (60); } } Another utmp program was posted to comp.sources.unix, volume 25, issue 96 by David W. Sanderson (dws@cs.wisc.edu) that also works on AIX 3.1. 1.11: Other hints, fsck of /, X-windows and cntl-alt-backspace - Normally cntl-alt-backspace will kill the X session. If you add the -T option when initializing X, this will not happen. - You should never run fsck on mounted filesystems; you need to be in maintenance mode to run fsck on the root filesystem: 1. boot from diskette 2. select maintenance mode 3. type /etc/continue hdisk0 exit (replace hdisk0 with boot disk if not hdisk0) 4. fsck /dev/hd4 1.12: How do I shrink /usr? From: mike@bria.UUCP (Michael Stefanik) and Richard Hasting FOR AIX 3.1 ----------- 1) Make a backup of /usr find /usr -print | backup -ivf /dev/rmt0 Use the appropriate tape device if it is not rmt0. 2) shutdown to maintenance mode shutdown -Fm 3) export LANG=C 4) remove the filesystem and the logical volume ignore an error about the "dspmsg" command not found umount /usr rmfs /usr 5) make a new logical volume hd2 and place it on rootvg with desired size mklv -yhd2 -a'e' rootvg NNN where NNN is the number of 4 meg partitions 6) create a filesystem on /dev/hd2 crfs -vjfs -dhd2 -m'/usr' -Ayes -p'rw' 7) mount the new /usr filesystem and check it /etc/mount /usr df -v 8) restore from the tape; system won't reboot otherwise restore -xvf/dev/rmt0 9) Sync and reboot the system; you now have a smaller /usr filesystem FOR AIX 3.2 ----------- 1) Remove any unneeded files from /usr. 2) Make sure all filesystems in the root volume group are mounted. If not, they will not be included in the re-installed system. 3) Type "mkszfile". This will create "/.fs.size" that contains a list of the active filesystems in the root volume group that will be included in the installation procedure. 4) Edit .fs.size. Change the size of /usr to what you want. Example: This .fs.size file shows /usr to be 40MB. rootvg 4 hd2 /usr 10 40 jfs The number 10 is the number of physical partitions for the filesystem and the 40 is 40 MB. Most systems have a physical partition size of 4 MB. Therefore, the second number (40) will always be 4 times the previous number (10). Note, however, that a model 320 with a 120 MB drive will have a physical partition size of only 2 MB, and the total MB is therefore twice the number of physical partitions. The first number (4) in the .fs.size file represents the PP size. If you want to reduce the size of /usr from 40 MB to 32 MB, edit the /usr entry to: rootvg 4 hd2 /usr 8 32 jfs IMPORTANT: Make sure that you DO NOT enter a value which is less than the size of the filesystem required to contain the current data. Doing so will cause the re-installation procedure to fail. 5) chdev -l rmt0 -a block=512 -T 6) Unmount all filesystems that are NOT in the root volume group. 7) Varyoff all user-defined volume groups, if any varyoffvg VGname 8) Export the user-defined volume groups, if any exportvg VGname 9) With a tape in the tape drive, type mksysb /dev/rmt0 This will do a complete system backup, which will include information (in the .fs.size file) for the installation procedure on how large the filesystems are to be created. 10) Follow the instructions in the Installation Kit under "How to Install and perform maintenance from Diskettes" using the diskettes and tape that you created in the previous steps. DO NOT select the option "Reinstall AIX with Current System Settings" during the install procedure. The new system must be installed using the option "Install AIX with Current System Settings" for the logical volume size changes to take affect. 11) When the operating system installation is complete, you may then import the information into your newly installed operating system for any user-defined volume groups. importvg -y VGname PVname where "VGname" is the name of the volume group, and "PVname" is the name of any one of the physical volumes in the volume group. 12) Varyon your user-defined volume groups varyonvg VGname The reduction of the filesystems is now complete. 1.13: How do I shrink the default paging space on hd6? 1) create a paging space to use temporarily mkps -s 20 -a rootvg 2) change default paging space hd6 so it is not used at next reboot chps -a n hd6 3) For AIX 3.1, edit /etc/rc.boot4 and change swapon /dev/hd6; for AIX 3.2, edit /sbin/rc.boot and change swapon /dev/hd6 swapon /dev/paging00 4) Update information in boot logical volume bosboot -a (3.1) bosboot -a -d hdisk0 (3.2) 5) shutdown and reboot 6) remove current hd6 and create a new one of smaller size rmps hd6 mklv -y hd6 -t paging rootvg <size of PS in 4 Meg blocks> 7) Re-edit /etc/rc.boot4 (3.1), /sbin/rc.boot (3.2) to swap to /dev/hd6 swapon /dev/hd6 8) Update information in boot logical volume bosboot -a (3.1) bosboot -a -d hdisk0 (3.2) 9) change current paging device (paging00) so it is inactive at next boot chps -a n /dev/paging00 10) shutdown, reboot, remove paging00 using the command: rmps paging00 1.14 *How do I make a filesystem larger than 2 Gig? The largest filesystem under AIX is 2 Gigabytes because the largest signed integer is 2**32 - 1. 1.15: How do I see/change system parameters like number of processes per user? You can use SMIT as described below or simply use the lsattr/chdev pair. The former will list the current setting as in: # lsattr -E -l sys0 -a maxuproc maxuproc 40 Maximum # of processes allowed per user True and you can then increase the maxuproc parameter: # chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=200 sys0 changed